Q1: What is the meaning of Data Clusters?
A1: Data clusters are the way in which every type of complex internal data objects from an application in ABAP/4 are grouped. They are also deposited in the memory of BAP/4 for a limited period of time or in databases for a longer time. The databases of this type have the name accordingly, they are named cluster databases and their construction is predefined. This type of depositing data clusters is a particular feature of ABAP/4. With the aid of SQL statements it is possible to enter cluster databases and the data clusters that have been deposited in ABAP/4 can be decoded only by ABAP/4.
Q2: What is the meaning of these terms in SAP: application server and presentation server?
A2: An application server manages the output /input of ABAP/4 programs and interprets them. Application servers are groups of executables. Presentation servers are programs from the workstations of users that are called like this: Sapgui.exe.
Q3: In what way are Get and SET different?
A3: GET PARAMETER IF FIELD: The value deposited in ID is met in the variable by the statement, if a value is not found in SAP memory, the system configures SY-SUBRC to 4, in a different case is 0. SET PARAMETER ID FIELD: The field contents from ID are stored in SAP memory in a code with up to 20 characters in length. If a value is found there already it will be overwritten, if there is no ID we have to make a new parameter object by double-clicking the ABAP Editor.
Q4: What is the meaning of Field group, extract data set?
A4: Extract data sets are made of records sequences, we can have various structures for the records, record types are in fact a group of records that have the same structure. Every record type that an extract dataset has can be defined as a field group with the statement FIELD GROUPS. The FIELD GROUPS statement brings multiple fields together with providing one single name. Usually we should declare the field groups when the declaration part in a program is finished, this will make everything clearer.Field groupsdon’tgenerate field space but they show the fields that already exist, they show us the records content if the records are met in the extract dataset.
A4: Extract data sets are made of records sequences, we can have various structures for the records, record types are in fact a group of records that have the same structure. Every record type that an extract dataset has can be defined as a field group with the statement FIELD GROUPS. The FIELD GROUPS statement brings multiple fields together with providing one single name. Usually we should declare the field groups when the declaration part in a program is finished, this will make everything clearer.Field groupsdon’tgenerate field space but they show the fields that already exist, they show us the records content if the records are met in the extract dataset.
Q5:What is the way for accessing data that is found on an application server and on a presentation server in ABAP/4?
A5: We will have to make use of these modules: UPLOAD or WS_UPLOAD for the presentation server and OPEN DATASET, CLOSE DATASET, READ DATASET for the application server.
Q6: How can we process sequential file, through what commands and syntax?
A7: For reading we use READ DATASET, for writing we use TRANSFER and for mode at POSITION MESSAGE, OPEN DATASET.
READ DATASET INTO
CLOSE DATASET
DELETE DATASET
TRANSFER
Q8: How do we separate these statements: assign and move?
A8: Assign: at data object assigning, the data project’s technical attributes are verified by the system for compatibility with every type specifications of the field symbol (ASSIGN TO). General attributes can be taken by the field symbol if they are not found in the field type specifications. If we go with the assignment it shows in the memory. Move: the MOVE statement is used for giving data object values to variables. It can be found as text symbol, literal, constant but it is not necessary to be found as a variable. No matter what the personal configurations the user has the decimal points always have to be stated with a period (,).
Q9: How do we make a separation between these terms: appending, input and output?
A9: Through appending we understand opening a file in order to write at its end. In the case the file is not found we have to make it. Through input we understand the opening a file to read it and through output we mean opening a file for the purpose of writing. The file in which we write will be overwritten if it is already there and made if it doesn’t exist already.
Q10: How do we proceed for a row in a table when we want to run a report?
A10: In this case we will make use of the Graphics Multiplexer. We will have a procedure that resembles screen capture that allows us to capture just the data. With this data graphs can be designed 2D or 3D, a feature that we can always access from the Menu-generate Graphics. In this way the required data can be dragged and we can choose the data we need for making a graph. After selection we must hit Graphics and the Graphics Multiplexer will be opened.
Q11: At the creation of internal tables what is the criteria configuration of the value of an occurs?
A11: What we have to do for configuring the value of an occurs is to make optimizations and for this we have to keep in mind some things like:
a) The default declared size will be maintained in the roll area – faster program access.
b) The whole data area of the application will be 64 kilobytes.
c) The data inserted that is bigger than the default size is deposited in the roll file- the program is accessed slow.
More, prior to deciding to do an optimization we have to analyze the rates of access and the volume .
Q12: What is the syntax and function used for command AUTHORITY CHECK?
A12: Syntax: AUTHORITY=CHECK OBJECT
IF SY-SUBRC NE
Q13: What are the details regarding the debugger screen functions?
A13: Single step or F5 is an option that can be used to go through a program by every statement, in the function modules and subroutines that will run also step by step. After the processing of every function module or subroutine with the aid of the statements CALL FUNCTION and PERFORM the control can go back at the statement. Execute or F6 is an option for running a program with every line, so in a single line the statements will be processed all at once. When we use Execute and we are on a line invoking a subroutine , the entire subroutine will be processed and it will go to the line with the subroutine invoking, and we can go from statement to statement inside the subroutine. Return or F7: When control is going back to the main program, also the debugger will go back there from the subroutine. Return is an option that is good for going back to the invoking program from a subroutine , invoked program or function module. Continue or F8 is an option good for processing the program up to the following dynamic or static breakpoint or the location of the cursor. When the breakpoints don’t exist anymore and there is no cursor, the remaining part of the program will be processed normally and the system will go out of the debugging mode.
